A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye. The lens is a clear structure that helps to focus light onto the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. When the lens becomes cloudy, it can make it difficult to see clearly.
The most common cause of cataracts is aging. As we get older, the lens naturally becomes more cloudy. Other risk factors for cataracts include:
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun
- Certain medications, such as steroids
- Eye injury
- Family history of cataracts
What are the symptoms of cataracts?
The symptoms of cataracts can vary depending on the severity of the clouding. Some common symptoms include:
- Blurred visions
- Increased sensitivity to light
- Difficulty seeing at night
- Double vision
- Colors appearing faded or washed out
How is cataracts diagnosed?
Cataracts are usually diagnosed by an eye doctor during a routine eye exam. The doctor will look at your eyes with a special instrument called an ophthalmoscope.
How are cataracts treated?
The only way to treat cataracts is with surgery. During cataract surgery, the cloudy lens is removed and replaced with an artificial lens. Cataract surgery is a very common and safe procedure.
How can cataracts be prevented?
There is no sure way to prevent cataracts, but there are some things you can do to lower your risk:
- Wear sunglasses that block 100% of UV radiation.
- Don’t smoke.
- Eat a healthy diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Control your blood sugar if you have diabetes.
What can older people do to take care of their cataracts?
Aged people who have cataracts can take the following steps to help take care of their eyes:
- See an eye doctor regularly for checkups and eye exams.
- Get cataract surgery if it is recommended by your doctor.
- Wear sunglasses that block 100% of UV radiation.
- Use magnifying glasses to help with reading and other activities.
- Make sure your home is well-lit.