Diphtheria is a serious and contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The bacteria produce a toxin that can damage the heart, nerves, and other organs. Diphtheria can be fatal, but it is preventable with vaccination.
The symptoms of diphtheria typically appear 2-5 days after exposure to the bacteria. The most common symptom is a thick, grayish-white membrane that forms on the back of the throat. This membrane can make it difficult to breathe and swallow. Other symptoms may include:
Fever
Sore throat
Cough
Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
Weakness
Complications
Diphtheria can lead to a number of serious complications, including:
Heart failure
Paralysis
Pneumonia
Meningitis
Death
The best way to prevent diphtheria is to get vaccinated. The diphtheria vaccine is usually given as part of the DTaP vaccine, which also protects against tetanus and pertussis. Children should receive the DTaP vaccine at 2, 4, 6, and 15-18 months of age, with a booster at 4-6 years of age. Adults should get tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) booster every 10 years.
If you think you or your child may have diphtheria, it is important to see a doctor right away. Treatment for diphtheria typically includes antibiotics and antitoxin. Antitoxin neutralizes the toxin produced by the bacteria, which can help to prevent complications.
Diphtheria is a highly contagious disease, but it is preventable with vaccination. Vaccination is the most important way to protect yourself and your loved ones from diphtheria.